Arena-Journal of Physical Activities

Impact Of Walking And The OTAGO Exercise Program On Improving Balance Parameters In The Elderly

Robert Citozi, Klajdi Xhebexhiu — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

There will likely be a rise in fall rates as the population ages. This will impact our society and
put more strain on healthcare systems by increasing the number of unintentional injuries and
injury-related deaths. According to Zijlstra et al. (2007), falls have a significant psychological
impact on individuals, frequently leading to diminished confidence, decreased functional
activity, deconditioning, and an elevated risk of falls. Estimated costs of fall-related damage to
older adults owing to demographic changes in Australia (2003) predict that by 2051, fall-related
injuries, which currently account for 5% of the country's overall health budget, would triple and
cost the Australian health system about $1,375 million annually. Exercise and other
modifications in lifestyle can potentially reduce the risk of many physical falls (Gregg et al.,
2000; Sherrington et al., 2011). The current recommendations for physical exercise among
older persons, which include elements of aerobic, resistance, and balance training, are not met
by many of them. According to Chodzko-Zajko et al. (2009), the American College of Sports
Medicine (ASCM) advises older persons to engage in aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and
flexibility exercises. People who have mobility issues or are at risk of falling should also engage
in certain activities designed to enhance their balance. We determined that the study's subjects
would be third-age individuals (over 65) who reside in assisted living facilities located in
Tirana's district and city due to the issues that this demographic faces.

Improving Physical Abilities And The Most Efficient Methods In Adults Over 40 Years Old

Kristian Andrea, Anesti Qeleshi, Redon Zotaj — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Only a small percentage of adults engage in regular physical activity, which means a decline in
quality of life and a very poor result compared to Europe (Osinski, 2013). The purpose of this
literature review is to find the most contemporary methods from the most ranked scientific
works on the improvement of physical abilities and the most efficient methods in adults over
40 years old. Digital databases such as Scopus, Medline, JStore, Embase, Cochrane Central,
PsycInfo, Schoolar, and SPORTDiscus were used in this literature review. Inclusion criteria
are: individuals must be healthy and average age at least 40 years old. Many other studies such
as (Skelton et al., 1994; Foldvari et al., 2000; Bean et al., 2007) report that physical functions
are more related to muscle power than to muscle strength or mass. Strength training has many
benefits on physical function in older adults compared to traditional strength training (Tschopp
et al., 2011; Da Rosa., 2019). Harmonization or proper use of variables such as exercise
selection, breaks, number of sets, number of repetitions, frequency affect the increase in the
level of muscular fitness. Strength, muscular endurance, muscular strength and muscular
hypertrophy are the characteristics that should be trained (Ratamess et al., 2009). While in an
all-inclusive program resistance training improves the cardiovascular system (Fleck. 1988),
limits the risk of coronary heart disease (Goldberg. 1989; Hurley & Kokkinos, 1987), helps
prevent osteoporosis (Layne & Nelson. 1999), removes the risk of diabetes (Miller et al., 1984),
promotes maintaining a healthy weight and losing excess weight (Evans. 1999), reduces the
risk of cancer in the spine (Koffler et al., 1992), helps in psychological/mental well-being (Ewart. 1989) as well as improves dynamic stability and maintenance of functional capacity
(Evans. 1999). In conclusion from the study of Balachandran et al. (2022) found that strength
training leads to improvements in physical function more than traditional strength training.

The Role And Impact Of Outdoor Walks, Combined With A Special Recreational Exercise Program, In Improving Lower Limb Strength And Motor Balance In 55-65 Year Olds

Henri Dibra, Robert Citozi — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Sports participation is declining in most countries starting at age 12, with the tendency
becoming considerably more noticeable as people get older. The most industrialized nations
experience a demographic shift that leads to an older population due to declining birth rates and
improvements in healthcare. The objective of this literature review is to analyse the existing
data to discover the rates, current trends of sports participation, health problems and ways of
preventing and improving it through exercise therapies of a recreational nature in the 55-65 age
group in Albania and the world. 54 articles from Google Scholar, 16 articles from Crossref, 22
articles from PubMed, 14 papers from Research Gate, and 11 books (a total of 117 references)
that were chosen for preliminary screening were evaluated using a methodical methodology.
Upon through examination, 29 articles, or 25% of the total, satisfied the requirements to be
regarded as legitimate for the subject at hand. The current condition of lower limb strength and
balance in both the experimental and control groups will be determined through preliminary
laboratory testing. Two instruments from the Sports University of Tirana biomechanics lab; the
Leonardo Platform and the Isokinetic Dynamometer will be employed for the aforementioned
measurements. We estimate that the study sample will consist of 60–90 working-age men and
women who fall into the 55–65 age range. The systematic literature review and meta-analysis
aims to define quantitative relationships of lower limb strength with balance improvement. Due
to the accelerated aging process, the middle-aged population experiences a decline in strength,
endurance, flexibility, and muscle mass (sarcopenia), which impairs coordination, stability, and
balance.

Study On The Influence Of Basic Technical Elements Used In The Modern Game Of Football

Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

A social phenomenon and international superstructure is the game of football that forces all
participants, respectively all club teams or national schools to compete on equal terms,
regardless of geographical area, political systems, religion, color or race, demonstrating that
football is international in its specific content. The origins of football go back over 2000 years.
In 2004, FIFA recognized China as the birthplace of football. Around 200 BC the Chinese
played a similar sport called cuju, the rules evolved, reaching the sport practiced today.

Development Of Speed Motor Quality Using Complex Motor Actions In Secondary School Students

Andrei Bitang, Rodica Lucian, Nitu Zagrean Eleonora — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

One of the priority objectives of school physical education, specified in school programs for all
education cycles, is the development of motor skills. The topic addressed by us in this paper
was born from the need to have the greatest possible efficiency in the teaching of physical
education in grades V-VIII, where the instructional-educational process must pursue concrete
goals regarding the system of knowledge, skills and motor skills in order to concretize the model
of each class in gymnasium physical education and sports.
The study of this topic aims to establish the most effective exercise structures regarding the
development of speed motor quality in secondary school students.
Using the means proposed by us, after a well-established program in the physical education
lesson for secondary school students, in order to develop the speed motor quality, I believe that
it will develop obviously, during the whole school year.
The data resulting from the scientific investigation regarding the development of speed motor
quality through the use of movement games at the secondary school level were implemented in
school units in the municipality of Arad. They can be used in the instructional-educational
process by the specialists in the field and as methodical material by the students of the faculties
of physical education and sport in the disciplines "Theory of physical education and sport" and
"Practice and methodology of motor activities by age groups" . The research was conducted
during the 2022-2023 school year. Following the application of the experiment, it was found that major differences in student
performance were obtained, they had a significant increase between the initial testing and the
final testing, which allows us to state that the methodology used in the lessons was adequate.
The exercises and games used had a positive influence in obtaining the results of the
experiment. Of course, the experiment should be continued and possibly extended to a larger
sample of children in order to further improve motor quality, speed in particular, as well as
harmonious physical development in general.

Physical and Motor Characteristics in Basketball to Children and Youth

Natasha Dako, Ledina Koci, Ervin Koci — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Basketball is a sport that requires basic and motor characteristics such as strength, speed,
endurance and coordination, high-intensity activities such as jumping, dribbling, shooting,
blocking and sprinting. It is also a sports discipline that requires aerobic and anaerobic energy
processes as well as including intense activities such as jump shooting, blocking shots,
movements with rapid changes of direction and high speed. In this discipline, there are many
characteristics that affect performance and proper execution of technical and tactical elements
according to the positions of the game. The purpose of this paper literature review is to
investigate and research the impact of training programs on physical parameters in basketball
in age groups. To successfully realize this review paper we studied and analyzed contemporary
scientific literature. In this literature review, basic principles of selection in several stages of
literature by means keywords are used based on works. Major databases were used through the
Jab Ref program such as Cross Ref, DOAJ, Inspire, Web of Science, Scopus, and Sport Discus
in the last 10 years. In the literature used, one can clearly see importance of understanding that,
higher quality level of sportsman movement culture, higher level of mastery of teaching tasks
and higher level of movement skills education.

Tax Policy In The World Of Sport Exemples In Turkey, Uk, Spanish, Italy And Germany

Busra Ozcan — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Taxes are the most important source of revenue the state relies on to maintain public services.
The basic objective of our tax system is to collect taxes in a fair and balanced manner, within
the framework of the principles set out in the Constitution. Taxes on income make up a large
proportion of tax revenues. In this context, salary income is taxed under the Income Tax Act
and there are special regulations for the salary of athletes for the promotion of sport. Looking
at Turkey's tax system, different methods of taxing athlete fees have been applied at different
times. Comparisons with other countries show that in Turkey, the income tax rates applied to
athlete salaries are relatively low, causing problems in terms of tax fairness. The study
examined the legal regulations on the taxation of athlete fees and the implementation processes
of these regulations, as well as proposals for the correction of practices that distort tax fairness.

Values Of Physical Preparation In Female Gymnasts

Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Artistic gymnastic is one of the components of competitive gymnastics and is divided in men’s
and women’s artistic gymnastics. There are four events in the women’s artistic gymnastics:
vault, uneven bars, balance beam and the floor. Strength training in artistic gymnastic is closely
linked to the gymnastic skills, so we can talk about the development of specific strength that is
comparable to other sports. Taking into consideration the predetermined role of the muscular
preparation in defining the physical training for female gymnasts. In this study, were obtained
analysis twenty-one female gymnasts from four sports clubs in different cities of Albania, who
are members of national gymnastics competitions. Tests realized in the beginning and final are
as follows: SJ (cm), CMJ (cm), TF SJ (ml/s}, T F CMJ (ml/s}, SJBW (cm), CMJ 15 sec. (cm),
HP (cm), HPWB (cm). Gymnasts have level average in SJ and CMJ. Low ratio indicates
optimal condition strength to gymnasts. Referring tests shows that 16 gymnasts have high value
flight times jumps SJ and CMJ. A different tableau is observed to 5 gymnasts, where look lower
values of flight times jumps in SJ and CMJ. From the measurements of the tests, it resulted that
those gymnasts that were involved in the study had an average level of strength of their lower
limbs and a lower level of power of their upper limbs.

Descriptive Study On Muscular Strength Testing And Gait Assessments In Patients With Covid-19 In The Hyperacute Ward

Cristian Bondoc-Ionescu, Luminita Georgescu — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The early intervention of physiotherapy applied in the rehabilitative treatment of patients
presenting mild and moderate symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in hyperacute and acute
wards, becomes necessary to enhance the efficiency of multidisciplinary treatment.
The presented study was conducted on a total of 80 subjects divided into an experimental and
a control group, over a staged period of 8 months during the years 2021-2022.
Investigations highlighted the fact that the specific involvement of rehabilitative physiotherapy
in these types of patients, differential aspects, from the perspective of musculoskeletal
functional recovery, being correlated, with the optimization of respiratory functions.
Prompt activity of the physiotherapist through the development of personalized programs
according to the pathological state of the subjects resulted in the improvement of basic motor
functions as well as coordinative capacities, especially of the locomotor system.

The Study Of Types Of Speed Through Team Games

Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Exploring movement during early childhood serves as a primary avenue for understanding the
environment, achieved through interacting with objects and engaging with the world around
them. Among various physical activities, engaging in games involving movement offers distinct
benefits, fostering the concurrent development of motor skills, psychological processes, and
aspects of personality.
These activities should be dynamic and captivating for children, fulfilling their inherent need
for play and movement. A successful activity allows students to demonstrate their strength,
dexterity, and problem-solving abilities. Given its numerous educational benefits, movementbased play is integrated into physical education across all age groups and subjects, highlighting
its instructive value.

The Influence Of Practicing Martial Arts On The Development Of Rural Students

Mihai Kunszabo, Dorel Gheorghe Caprar — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Throughout history, physical education has witnessed both periods of prosperity and times of
decline. Dating back to the ancient world, it was held in high regard, as evidenced by wellknown maxims like "Beautiful and good" (Kalos, Kai, Agatos) and "Mens sana in corpore
sano", which encapsulate valuable ideals about the educational ideal. These maxims
suggestively reveal the intrinsic unity between physical and mental well-being, highlighting
their intricate interplay.
However, in the realm of physical education and sports for students, the development of psychomotor qualities has not always received the attention it deserves. Often, solutions have been
proposed without fully considering the educational objectives or precisely defining the role of
motor qualities in achieving these objectives and molding students' desired training outcomes.

The Influence Of Physical And Mental Training Through Judo Activity In Arad School Students

Mihai Kunszabo, Corina Ramona Dulceanu, Dorel Gheorghe Caprar — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

If intellectual education serves as the foundation and central focus for shaping one's personality,
aiming to cultivate rationality, moral education is centered on fostering moral conscience and
ethical behavior within society. Religious education seeks to instill a religious culture and
spiritual awareness, while aesthetic education concentrates on nurturing an appreciation for
beauty. Technological and vocational education facilitates adaptation to a dynamic society, and
physical education plays a fundamental role in fostering holistic development by achieving a
balance between the physical and mental aspects of an individual.
Physical activities are regarded as vital components of everyday life, representing a
comprehensive process of optimizing, evolving, and expressing the human essence.

The Importance Of Vo2 Max In Young Soccer Players

Jorida COBAJ, Ferdinand MARA, Valbona Golemi — Wed, 03 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Soccer is a high-level skill sport that requires aerobic and anaerobic strength, as well as physical
skills related to speed, agility, strength, and power. To meet these physical needs of soccer
players, coaches now offer a variety of aerobic exercises that essentially use the lower and upper
extremities, as well as large muscle groups. Correct technical performance of exercises protects
not only from various injuries but also saves unnecessary energy consumption. For this reason,
the purpose of this research is to critically analyze research that has examined the importance
of aerobic endurance in young soccer players. The following databases were searched: Pub
Med, Scopus, Google Scholar, CrossRef, etc. to find all relevant publications. The following
keywords were used in this search: "soccer", "young soccer players", "VO2 max", and "soccer
performance", along with adjectives such as "effect", "change" and "impact". It was found that
the aerobic demands of soccer players are crucial and strategic for the game.