WEATHERING AND DETERIORATION OF CARBONATE STONES FROM HISTORICAL MONUMENTS: A REVIEW
Keywords:
heritage building, historical monuments, limestone, marble, weathering, deterioration, extrinsic factorsAbstract
The degradation of historical monuments due to atmospheric and anthropogenic factors is a
frequently encountered phenomenon on all continents, being intensively investigated to understand the type
and degree of damage and to choose an appropriate restoration method. Based on extensive
bibliographic documentation, this study presents a comprehensive review of the physical, chemical,
and biological weathering processes induced by extrinsic factors (atmospheric, biological, and
anthropic) that lead to the deterioration of limestone and marble, the most common construction
materials found in historic buildings of humanity's architectural heritage.
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