SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS REGARDING THE RAISING OF CHILDREN IN NARCISSISTIC FAMILIES. THEORETICAL APPROACH

<doi>10.24250/JPE/2/2020/AC

Authors

  • Alina COSTIN “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad

Keywords:

parental narcissism; co-narcissism; abuse; co-narcissism; educators; reporting abuse

Abstract

The paper aims at an integrative review of current knowledge about narcissistic parenting, and the impact of this disorder on the child. A child can experience the most hidden forms of abuse in his or her own family when one or both parents experience narcissistic personality disorders. The pattern of action specific to this family includes practices such as manipulation, non-compliance with barriers, enhancement, triangulation, isolation, hoovering, projection etc. tactfully exercised by the narcissistic parent for the purpose of acquiring the control and power absolutely necessary for his deconstructed self. The child of a narcissistic parent will experience repeated adversity (Crocker, 2009; Monk, 2001) that will affect his mental health, and according to some theories (Menzies, 2010) this unhealthy family dynamic will repeat itself. In this harmful environment, the child will grow up with unrealistic expectations from himself and others against the background of an uncontaminated and negative self, you will encounter difficulties of healthy relationship as well as in privacy.  This work aimed at educational professionals in order to become aware of the seriousness of the abuse experience and to familiarize themselves with its less visible symptoms.

References

Akhtar, S., & Thomson, J. A. (1982). Overview: Narcissistic personality

disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 139(1), 12–20.

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.139.1.12

Baron-Cohen, S.(2020). Zero Degrees of Empathy: A New Theory of Human

Cruelty. The British Journal of Psychiatry 199(6):520-520.

DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.098434

Beck, K., James R. P. Ogloff, & Corbishley, A. (1994). Knowledge,

Compliance, and Attitudes of Teachers toward Mandatory Child Abuse

Reporting in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Education / Revue

Canadienne De L'éducation, 19(1), 15-29. doi:10.2307/1495304

Berg-Nielsen, T.S., Wichström, L. The mental health of preschoolers in a

Norwegian population-based study when their parents have symptoms of

borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders: at the mercy

of unpredictability. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 6, 19 (2012).

https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-6-19

Berkowitz, D.A., Shapiro, R.L. Zinner, .,Shapiro, E.R. Family Contributions

to Narcissistic Disturbances in Adolescents. Int. R. Psycho-Anal., 1:353-

Berkowitz, D.A. Shapiro, R.L. Zinner, J. Shapiro, E.R. (1974). Family

Contributions to Narcissistic Disturbances in Adolescents. Int. R. Psycho-

Anal., 1:353-362.

Brown, NW. Children on the self-absorbed. A grown-up s guide to getting

over narcisisstic parents. 2008.books.google.com.

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ro&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=narcisisstic+p

arent&btnG

Campbell, W.K. Miller, J.D.The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic

Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and

Treatments. 2011. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Charlotte.C Van Schie, C.C., Jarman, H.L., Huxley, E. et

al. Narcissistic traits in young people: understanding the

role of parenting and maltreatment. bord personal

disordemotdysregul 7, 10 (2020).

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-020-00125-7

Felitti, V.J, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse

and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. 1998. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J

Prev Med. 1998;14(4):245-258. doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8

Fernando, J. (1998) The Etiology of Narcissistic Personality Disorder, The

Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 53:1, 141-

, DOI: 10.1080/00797308.1998.11822480

Fjelstad, M., McBride, J. Raising Resilient Children with a Borderline or

Narcissistic Parent. 2020. books.google.com.

https://books.google.ro/books?hl=ro&lr=&id=tanSDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&

pg=PR7&dq=narcissistic+parent&ots=pQUNlMTK0&

sig=pAYmAjW65_-

ZgkwmaQYS2hSoqtc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=narcissistic%20parent

&f=false

Gardner, F. To enliven her was my living’: thoughts on compliance and

sacrifice as consequences of malignant identification with a narcissistic

parent. British Journal of Psychotherapy. 21(1) 49-62

.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.2004.tb00186.x

Goebbels, A. F. G., Nicholson, J. M., Walsh, K., H. De Vries, Teachers'

reporting of suspected child abuse and neglect: behaviour and

determinants, Health Education Research, Volume 23, Issue 6, December

, Pages 941–951, https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyn030

Golomb, E. (1992). Trapped in the mirror: Adult children of narcissists in

their struggle for self. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company, Inc.

Haller, R. CapcananarcisismuluiIndrumar de cunoastere a

naturiiumaneși de autocunoaștere. 2013. EdituraTrei,

București

Hendrick, H. Narcissistic Parenting in an Insecure World: A History of

Parenting Culture 1920s to present.2016. books.google.com.

https://books.google.ro/books?hl=ro&lr=&id=gwVpDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd

&pg=PR1&dq=narcissistic+parent&ots=2YbTAYj0sH&sig=iYiEUXbuK

KmXJExMmE55pWl7jn4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=narcissistic%20pa

rent&f=false

Johnson, L., The Golden child. in Brown,K.H., Mc Hatton, P.A.,Scott,

M.F.T. Faculty of Color Navigating Higher Education. 2017. Rowmand

and Littlefield Publishing Group.Inc.

Kross, E., Berman, M. G., Mischel, W., Smith, E. E., & Wager, T. D. (2011).

Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical

pain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(15), 6270-

doi:10.1073/pnas.1102693108

Leggio, J. N. Mental Health Outcomes for Adult Children of

Narcissistic Parents, Adler School of Professional

Psychology, Ann Arbor, 2018. ProQuest,

https://search.proquest.com/docview/2172386569?accounti

d=6724.

Luo Y.L.L., Cai H. (2018) The Etiology of Narcissism: A Review of

Behavioral Genetic Studies. In: Hermann A., Brunell A., Foster J. (eds)

Handbook of Trait Narcissism. Springer, Cham.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_16

Määttä, M. &Uusiautti, S. ‘My life felt like a cage without an

exit’ – narratives of childhood under the abuse of a

narcissistic mother. 2020. Early Child Development and

Care, 190:7, 1065-1079.

DOI: 10.1080/03004430.2018.1513924

McBride, K. Will I ever be good enough?: Healing the

daughters of narcissistic mothers. 2008 -

books.google.com

McBride, K. Voiscăpavreodată de tine? Cum săfacifațădespărșirii de o

persoanănarcisică, fără a-i afectapecopii. 2019. EdituraTrei, București.

Menzies, P. (2010). Intergenerational Trauma from a Mental Health

Perspective.

Monk, I.R. Adult children of covertly narcissistic families : a look at their

romantic relationships. 2001.University of British Columbia

Moeller, S. J., Crocker, J., & Bushman, B. J. (2009). Creating Hostility and

Conflict: Effects of Entitlement and Self-Image Goals. Journal of

experimental social psychology, 45(2), 448.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.11.005

Nioche, A; Pham, TH; Ducro, C; de Beaurepaire, C; Chudzik, L; Courtois,

R; Réveillère, C (June 2010). "Psychopathy and Associated Personality

Disorders: Searching for a Particular Effect of the Borderline Personality

Disorder?". Encephale. 36 (3): 253–

doi:10.1016/j.encep.2009.07.004. PMID 20620268.

R appoport, A. Co-Narcissism: How We Accommodate to Narcissistic

Parents. The Terapist.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f95a/c0ab31dac722c88b3081557935d595

a2582b.pdf

Raskin, R., Terry, H., (1988), A Principal-Components Analysis of the

Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Further Evidence of Its Construct

Validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1988, Vol. 54, No.

,890-902

Rosenberg, R. The Human Magnet Syndrome. The Codependent Narcisisst

Trap.Morgan James Publishing Company (2018)

Shaw, D. L.C.S.W. Enter Ghosts: The Loss of Intersubjectivity in Clinical

Work With Adult Children of Pathological Narcissists.

Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 20:1, 46-

, DOI: 10.1080/10481880903559120

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1524838005277438Thomaes,

S., Brummelman, E., & Sedikides, C. (2018). Narcissism: A social developmental perspective. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford

(Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality and individual differences:

Applications of personality and individual differences (p. 377–396). Sage

Reference. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526451248.n16

Tower, C.C. The role of educators in preventing and responding to

child abuse and neglect. 2003. The University of Michigan Libraries. -

books.google.com

https://books.google.ro/books?hl=ro&lr=&id=p1tHAAAAMAAJ&oi=fnd

&pg=PP8&dq=the+role+of+educators+in+recognizing+the+indicators+of

+emotional+abuse&ots=fuZZZEAiy7&sig=qfnUtU1-

hl17DyfJEh9cBz0fkws&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=the%20role%20of%2

educators%20in%20recognizing%20the%20indicators%20of%20emotion

al%20abuse&f=false

Twaite, J. A., & Rodriguez-Srednicki, O. (2004). Understanding and

Reporting Child Abuse: Legal and Psychological Perspectives: Part Two:

Emotional Abuse and Secondary Abuse. The Journal of Psychiatry &

Law, 32(4), 443–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/009318530403200402

Waal, F. The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a Kinder Society.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259710476_The_Age_of_Empat

hy_Nature's_Lessons_for_a_Kinder_Society_by_Frans_de_Waal

Wilson, E. Narcissistic Parents - How To Recognize And How To Deal With

Your Narcissist Mother Or Father. 2020. Independently Published.

Washburn, J. J., &Paskar, L. D. (2011). Moving beyond parents in the

etiology of narcissistic traits. In C. T. Barry, P. K. Kerig, K. K.

Stellwagen, & T. D. Barry (Eds.), Narcissism and Machiavellianism in

youth: Implications for the development of adaptive and maladaptive

behavior (p. 145–157). American Psychological

Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12352-008

Downloads

Published

2020-10-07